Elasticsearch: Volltextsuche

Elasticsearch ist eine verteilte Such- und Analyse-Engine. Sie ermöglicht blitzschnelle Volltextsuche, Logging-Analyse und komplexe Datenabfragen.

Installation

# GPG Key
wget -qO - https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/elasticsearch-keyring.gpg

# Repository
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/elasticsearch-keyring.gpg] https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/8.x/apt stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elastic-8.x.list

# Installieren
sudo apt update
sudo apt install elasticsearch -y

# Starten
sudo systemctl start elasticsearch
sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch

Docker-Installation

docker run -d \
  --name elasticsearch \
  -p 9200:9200 \
  -e "discovery.type=single-node" \
  -e "xpack.security.enabled=false" \
  -v esdata:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data \
  elasticsearch:8.11.0

Verbindung testen

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/"

# Cluster-Health
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cluster/health?pretty"

Index erstellen

# Index mit Mapping
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/produkte" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "name": { "type": "text" },
      "beschreibung": { "type": "text" },
      "preis": { "type": "float" },
      "kategorie": { "type": "keyword" },
      "erstellt": { "type": "date" }
    }
  }
}'

Dokumente indexieren

# Einzelnes Dokument
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/produkte/_doc/1" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "name": "Laptop Pro",
  "beschreibung": "Leistungsstarker Laptop für Entwickler",
  "preis": 1299.99,
  "kategorie": "elektronik",
  "erstellt": "2026-01-11"
}'

# Bulk-Import
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/produkte/_bulk" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{"index":{"_id":"2"}}
{"name":"Smartphone","preis":599.99,"kategorie":"elektronik"}
{"index":{"_id":"3"}}
{"name":"Kopfhörer","preis":149.99,"kategorie":"audio"}
'

Suchen

# Alle Dokumente
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/produkte/_search?pretty"

# Match Query (Volltextsuche)
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/produkte/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "beschreibung": "Laptop Entwickler"
    }
  }
}'

# Exakter Filter
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/produkte/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "kategorie": "elektronik"
    }
  }
}'

# Kombinierte Query
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/produkte/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        { "match": { "name": "Laptop" } }
      ],
      "filter": [
        { "range": { "preis": { "lte": 1500 } } }
      ]
    }
  }
}'

PHP-Integration

// composer require elasticsearch/elasticsearch
use Elasticsearch\ClientBuilder;

$client = ClientBuilder::create()
    ->setHosts(['localhost:9200'])
    ->build();

// Indexieren
$client->index([
    'index' => 'produkte',
    'id' => '4',
    'body' => [
        'name' => 'Tablet',
        'preis' => 449.99
    ]
]);

// Suchen
$results = $client->search([
    'index' => 'produkte',
    'body' => [
        'query' => [
            'match' => ['name' => 'Laptop']
        ]
    ]
]);

foreach ($results['hits']['hits'] as $hit) {
    echo $hit['_source']['name'];
}

Aggregationen

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/produkte/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "kategorien": {
      "terms": { "field": "kategorie" }
    },
    "durchschnittspreis": {
      "avg": { "field": "preis" }
    }
  }
}'

Nützliche Befehle

# Alle Indizes
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v"

# Index löschen
curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/produkte"

# Dokument löschen
curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/produkte/_doc/1"

Weitere Hilfe

• 📖 Elasticsearch Dokumentation
• 📧 E-Mail: support@enjyn.de